If a special inspector observes a non-conformance that the contractor claims has been approved by the engineer, what should the inspector do?

The best course of action in this scenario is to request to see written documentation of the approval. This is essential because it provides a clear and verifiable record of the engineer's consent regarding the non-conformance. As a special inspector, it is important to have documented evidence to substantiate any claims made by the contractor. This documentation ensures that there is a formal record of the approval, which can help clarify responsibilities and maintain project accountability.

Relying solely on verbal claims can lead to misunderstandings or disputes later on. Therefore, by obtaining written approval, the special inspector ensures that all parties are on the same page and that the integrity of the inspection process is upheld. This method also protects the inspector legally and professionally by ensuring that their findings and reports are supported by factual evidence.